Journal
IEEE MICRO
Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 64-72Publisher
IEEE COMPUTER SOC
DOI: 10.1109/MM.2020.2985976
Keywords
Logic gates; Quantum computing; Hardware; Computers; Runtime; Integrated circuit modeling; Energy states
Funding
- EPiQC, an NSF Expedition in Computing [CCF-1730449/1832377]
- STAQ [NSF Phy-1818914]
- DOE [DE-SC0020289, DE-SC0020331]
- Department of Defense through the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0020289, DE-SC0020331] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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We advocate for a fundamentally different way to perform quantum computation by using three-level qutrits instead of qubits. In particular, we substantially reduce the resource requirements of quantum computations by exploiting a third state for temporary variables (ancilla) in quantum circuits. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the log2(3) binary-to-ternary compression factor. We present a novel technique using qutrits to achieve a logarithmic runtime decomposition of the Generalized Toffoli gate using no ancilla---an exponential improvement over the best qubit-only equivalent. Our approach features a 70x improvement in total two-qudit gate count over the qubit-only decomposition. This results in improvements for important algorithms for arithmetic and QRAM. Simulation results under realistic noise models indicate over 90% mean reliability (fidelity) for our circuit, versus under 30% for the qubit-only baseline. These results suggest that qutrits offer a promising path toward extending the frontier of quantum computers.
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