Nanotechnology implications for high performance lubricants

Nanomaterials have emerged as potential environment friendly lubricant additives to upgrade the conventional lubricants such as automotive oils, industrial oils, grease, and metal working fluids. The applications of nanoparticle additives are based on the principles of solid lubrication and are mostly used as anti-wear, anti-friction and extreme pressure additives. Their various advantages include small enough size, thermal stability, variety of particle chemistries and a high reaction rate with the surface without induction period. These advantages translate into longer equipment operation, increased fuel efficiency and extended maintenance intervals. Thus, the current article designates on the benefits/ advantages of nano materials as lubricant additives and their applications in various automotive/engine/industrial oils. Further, it covers on (a) the major types of industrial oils and their key properties/functions and (b) different nanomaterials that are currently being explored as lubricant additives, their thermal stability and technical challenges.