Journal
CURRENT PAIN AND HEADACHE REPORTS
Volume 19, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-015-0528-6
Keywords
Vagal nerve stimulation; Chronic pain; Headache; Inflammation; Pelvic pain; Fibromyalgia
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Funding
- Medtronic Inc.
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Recent human and animal studies provide growing evidence that vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) can deliver strong analgesic effects in addition to providing therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of refractory epilepsy and depression. Analgesia is potentially mediated by vagal afferents that inhibit spinal nociceptive reflexes and transmission and have strong anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this review is to provide pain practitioners with an overview of VNS technology and limitations. It specifically focuses on clinical indications of VNS for various chronic pain syndromes, including fibromyalgia, pelvic pain, and headaches. We also present potential mechanisms for VNS modulation of chronic pain by reviewing both animal and human studies.
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