Serum vitamin D deficiency and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis

Introduction: This meta-analysis was performed to confirm the relationship of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and vitamin D. Material and methods: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant articles. Standard mean difference (SMD) along with 95% CI was used to compare vitamin D level between women with GDM and healthy subjects. The correlation coefficient between the vitamin D and homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was analyzed. Results: The vitamin D level of GDM subjects was much lower than healthy subjects (SMD = -0.71, 95% CI: -0.91, -0.50). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with high risk of GDM (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.23). Vitamin D was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r = -0.62, 95% CI: -0.85, - 0.39). The analysis showed no publication bias (Egger's: p = 0.197; Begg's: p = 0.786). Conclusions: Vitamin D is closely associated with the onset of GDM.