Recent Progress in Design and Application of Functional Ordered/Periodic Mesoporous Silicas (OMSs) and Organosilicas (PMOs) as Catalyst Support in Carbon-Carbon Coupling Reactions

Over the past few years, the use of heterogeneous catalytic systems has been preferred to homogeneous counterparts because of their practical benefits such as convenient separation from the reaction mixture and reusability of the catalysts in successive reaction runs which could improve the environmental, economic and sustainability factors of organic reactions. Thus, attempts have been directed to develop varied solid catalyst supports to improve the efficiency and recovering ability of the prepared catalysts while minimizing the deterrent effect of the bulky supports in catalyst activity. Among this, ordered mesoporous silica materials have attracted considerable interest owing to their noteworthy and desirable properties for catalytic applications such as high specific surface area, accessible pore volume, tunable pore size and easy functionalization. Because of the great significance of C-C coupling reactions, the main goal of this review is specifically focusing on the application of supported metal catalysts on both ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) and periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) in C-C couplings.