Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN UROLOGY
Volume 25, Issue 6, Pages 578-585Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000223
Keywords
regenerative medicine; scaffolds; stem cells; tissue engineering; urothelium
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [K08DK090370]
- Urology Care Foundation Research Training Awards
- Urology Care Foundation Rising Star Award
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Purpose of review There is a large interest in developing tissue engineered urinary diversions (TEUDs) in order to reduce the significant morbidity that results from utilization of the alimentary tract in the urinary system. Preclinical trials have been favorable but durable clinical results have not been realized. The present article will review the pertinent concepts for the clinical development of a successful TEUD. Recent findings Studies continue to identify novel scaffold materials and cell populations that are combined to generate TEUDs. Scaffold composition range from synthetic material to decelluarized bladder tissue. Cell types vary from fully differentiated adult populations such as smooth muscle cells isolated from the bladder to stem cell populations including mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Each scaffold and cell type has its advantages and disadvantages with no clear superior component having been identified. Recent clinical trials have been disappointing, supporting the need for additional investigation. Summary Successful application of TEUDs requires a complex interplay of scaffold, cells, and host environment. Studies continue to investigate candidate scaffold materials, cell populations, and combinations thereof to determine which will best recapitulate the complex structure of the human genitourinary tract.
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