Journal
GREEN CHEMISTRY
Volume 22, Issue 11, Pages 3427-3432Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0gc00763c
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Funding
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFB1501604]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21875239]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [WK3530000004]
- CAS-TWAS Presidential Fellowship
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Here, we report an inexpensive nickel-phosphine complex that can catalyse neat levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL) without additive at 1 atm H-2, and the catalyst can be reduced to 0.01 mol% at 30 atm. 5.8 kg LA was successfully converted to GVL in a yield of 94% with 0.1 mol% catalyst. DFT calculations and in situ APXPS indicate that L-Ni+-H species are the key active intermediates.
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