Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 8, Issue 23, Pages 11538-11544Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c9ta12723b
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Funding
- Generalitat de Catalunya-AGAUR [2017 SGR 1421]
- CERCA Programme
- European Regional Development Funds (ERDF, FEDER Programa Competitivitat de Catalunya 2007-2013)
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [G.A. 681146, FET-RIA-824072]
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A novel non-destructive methodology for operando observation of ion intercalation and the state of charge on battery electrodes is presented based on spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The potentiality of this technique for performing time-resolved measurements of (de-)lithiation processes on electrode materials has been demonstrated using thin film spinel LiMn2O4 as a cathode for Li-ion batteries. The chemical diffusivity of Li+ ions in this material has been determined by the time evolution of the Li insertion into the film, and in the light of these results, it has been possible to relate the controversial pseudo-capacitive behavior observed in this material to the nanostructure of the layer. The results presented here establish a new way for operando characterization of battery materials and devices providing a powerful tool for the understanding of ion diffusion mechanisms in a collection of electrochemical devices.
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