Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081691
Keywords
bacterial photoreceptor; near-infrared fluorescent protein; phytochrome; cyanobacteriochrome; allophycocyanin; tetrapyrrole
Funding
- US National Institutes of Health [R35 GM122567, U01 NS099573, U01 NS103573]
- EU FP7 program [ERC-2013-ADG-340233]
- Academy of Finland [263371, 266992]
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [266992, 263371, 266992, 263371] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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Bacterial photoreceptors absorb light energy and transform it into intracellular signals that regulate metabolism. Bacterial phytochrome photoreceptors (BphPs), some cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) and allophycocyanins (APCs) possess the near-infrared (NIR) absorbance spectra that make them promising molecular templates to design NIR fluorescent proteins (FPs) and biosensors for studies in mammalian cells and whole animals. Here, we review structures, photochemical properties and molecular functions of several families of bacterial photoreceptors. We next analyze molecular evolution approaches to develop NIR FPs and biosensors. We then discuss phenotypes of current BphP-based NIR FPs and compare them with FPs derived from CBCRs and APCs. Lastly, we overview imaging applications of NIR FPs in live cells and in vivo. Our review provides guidelines for selection of existing NIR FPs, as well as engineering approaches to develop NIR FPs from the novel natural templates such as CBCRs.
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