Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091865
Keywords
autophagosome; autophagic flux; isolation membrane; Keima; LC3; p62; SQSTM1
Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [25111001, 25111005]
- TOYOBO Biotechnology Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [25111001, 25111005] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Autophagy is a cytoplasmic degradation system, which is important for starvation adaptation and cellular quality control. Recent advances in understanding autophagy highlight its importance under physiological and pathological conditions. However, methods for monitoring autophagic activity are complicated and the results are sometimes misinterpreted. Here, we review the methods used to identify autophagic structures, and to measure autophagic flux in cultured cells and animals. We will also describe the existing autophagy reporter mice that are useful for autophagy studies and drug testing. Lastly, we will consider the attempts to monitor autophagy in samples derived from humans.
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