Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 18, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091935
Keywords
epilepsy; reactive oxygen species; mitochondria; Nrf2; calcium; cell death
Funding
- Innovative Medical Research Fund (IMF, University of Munster) [KO111715]
- medical Faculty of the University of Munster [17-003]
- Cancer Research UK [C20953/A18644]
- BBSRC [BB/L01923X/1]
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [ME 3283/5-1, GO 2505/1-1]
- Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)
- German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) [57348208]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/L01923X/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Cancer Research UK [18644] Funding Source: researchfish
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Acquired epilepsies can arise as a consequence of brain injury and result in unprovoked seizures that emerge after a latent period of epileptogenesis. These epilepsies pose a major challenge to clinicians as they are present in the majority of patients seen in a common outpatient epilepsy clinic and are prone to pharmacoresistance, highlighting an unmet need for new treatment strategies. Metabolic and homeostatic changes are closely linked to seizures and epilepsy, although, surprisingly, no potential treatment targets to date have been translated into clinical practice. We summarize here the current knowledge about metabolic and homeostatic changes in seizures and acquired epilepsy, maintaining a particular focus on mitochondria, calcium dynamics, reactive oxygen species and key regulators of cellular metabolism such as the Nrf2 pathway. Finally, we highlight research gaps that will need to be addressed in the future which may help to translate these findings into clinical practice.
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