Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 18, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051024
Keywords
calcium signaling; endoplasmic reticulum; sarcoplasmic reticulum; RyR; IP3R; SERCA pump; JP45; calsequestrin; GECI
Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [GM62999, NIH EB007268, NIH AG15820]
- BB Seed Grant
- NIH Supplemental Grant
- BB fellowship
- CDT fellowship
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The flow of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is critical for the activation and regulation of important biological events that are required in living organisms. As the major Ca2+ repositories inside the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of muscle cells are central in maintaining and amplifying the intracellular Ca2+ signal. The morphology of these organelles, along with the distribution of key calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs), regulatory proteins, pumps, and receptors fundamentally impact the local and global differences in Ca2+ release kinetics. In this review, we will discuss the structural and morphological differences between the ER and SR and how they influence localized Ca2+ release, related diseases, and the need for targeted genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) to study these events.
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