CHAIN: Cyber Hierarchy and Interactional Network Enabling Digital Solution for Battery Full-Lifespan Management

With the ever-growing need from the electric transportation industry, lithium-ion batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible and lightweight design, and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. Here, an effective management strategy, namely CHAIN, is presented for a multi-scale design and manufacturing process regarding material synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance, and safety. The physical and electrochemical parameters of the materials are uploaded and shared in the cloud to perform real-time model calculation, achieving traceability from raw materials to products. Based on the cloud platform, a closed-loop design-and-optimization system is established, which can predict battery performance and provide an optimized management scheme by adjusting parameters simultaneously. As a multi-disciplinary system, the framework of CHAIN has profound theoretical and applicable value in full-lifespan management for battery systems, electric vehicles, and other emerging engineering systems yet to be addressed.