Journal
LAB ON A CHIP
Volume 20, Issue 14, Pages 2423-2437Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00431f
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Funding
- ARC Industry Transformational Research Hub Scheme [IH150100028]
- NHMRC Fellowship [GNT1160635]
- Oversea Study Program of Guangzhou Elite Project [JY201840]
- Cancer Institute NSW Early Career Fellowship [2017/EFC012]
- Avner Pancreatic Cancer Foundation
- Ovarian Cancer Research Foundation [GA-2019-13]
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by most cell types and exist in virtually all bodily fluids. They carry on a wealth of proteomic and genetic information including proteins, lipids, miRNAs, mRNA, non-coding RNA and other molecules from parental cells. Increasing evidence shows that within populations of EVs, their biogenesis, physical characteristics (e.g. size, density, morphology) and cargos (e.g. protein, lipid content, nucleic acids) may vary substantially, which accordingly change their biological properties. To fully exploit the potential of EVs, it requires qualified methods to profile EV heterogeneity. In this review, we survey recent approaches for EV isolation with innovative discoveries in heterogeneity. The main challenges in EV heterogeneity research are identified, and the roles of single cell EV profiling and single EV imaging are highlighted. We further discuss promising opportunities for resolving the underlying complexity of EV heterogeneity.
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