Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue -, Pages 48-53Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.012
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan [24115004, 25115503, 23249023, 26293101]
- Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) of Japan
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Naito Foundation
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26293101, 24115004, 23249023, 25115503] Funding Source: KAKEN
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In higher vertebrates, recognition of the non-self signature of invading viruses by genome-encoded pattern recognition receptors initiates antiviral innate immunity. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) detect viral RNA as a non-self pattern in the cytoplasm and activate downstream signaling. Detection of viral RNA also activates stress responses resulting in stress granule-like aggregates, which facilitate RLR-mediated antiviral immunity. Among the three RLR family members RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) recognize distinct viral RNA species with differential molecular machinery and activate signaling through mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS, also known as IPS-1NISA/Cardif), which leads to the expression of cytokines including type I and Ill interferons (IFNs) to restrict viral propagation. In this review, we summarize receni knowledge regarding RNA recognition and signal transduction by RLRs and MAVS/IPS-1.
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