Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 34, Issue -, Pages 28-34Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.12.004
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC)
- Australian Research Council
- NHMRC Research Fellowship
- NHMRC Australia Fellowship
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The major histocompatibility complex class l-related molecule MR1 can bind a novel class of antigens, namely a family of related small organic vitamin B metabolites. When bound to MR1 these metabolites are presented to a population of innate-like T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR). Several non-activating and activating MR1-restricted ligands have been described, which are the degradation products of, or intermediates of, vitamin B-9 (folic acid) or vitamin B-2 (riboflavin), respectively. The MAIT-activating intermediates of the riboflavin synthesis pathway are unique to a wide range of microbes, and accordingly represent a molecular signature of microbial infection. Recently insights into the binding of these vitamin B metabolites to MR1, and subsequent recognition by the MAIT TCR, have been gleaned, illustrating a novel antigen presentation system.
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