Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
Volume 42, Issue 11, Pages 7657-7663Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.107
Keywords
Hydrogen safety; Flame acceleration; Deflagration-to-detonation; transition; Inhomogeneous hydrogen-air; mixture
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51276177]
- Key Laboratory of Building Fire Protection Engineering and Technology of MPS [KFKT2015ZD01]
- HySEA through the European Commission's Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking [671461]
- NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund
- National Supercomputer Center
- EPSRC [EP/K025236/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [671461] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K025236/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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The present study aims to test the capability of our newly developed density-based solver, ExplosionFoam, for flame acceleration (FA) and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in mixtures with concentration gradients which is of important safety concern. The solver is based on the open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) platform OpenFOAM (R) and uses the hydrogen-air single-step chemistry and the corresponding transport coefficients developed by the authors. Numerical simulations have been conducted for the experimental set up of Ettner et al. [7], which involves flame acceleration and DDT in both homogeneous hydrogen-air mixture as well as an inhomogeneous mixture with concentration gradients in an obstucted channel. The predictions demonstrate good quantitative agreement with the experimental measurements in flame tip position, speed and pressure profiles. Qualitatively, the numerical simulations have reproduced well the flame acceleration and DDT phenomena observed in the experiment. The results have revealed that in the computed cases, DDT is induced by the interaction of the precursor inert shock wave with the wall close to high hydrogen concentration rather than with the obstacle. Some vortex pairs appear ahead of the flame due to the interaction between the obstacles and the gas flow caused by combustion-induced expansion, but they soon disappear after the flame passes through them. Hydrogen cannot be completely consumed especially in the fuel rich region. This is of additional safety concern as the unburned hydrogen can be potentially re-ignited once more fresh air is available in an accidental scenario, resulting in subsequent explosions. (C) 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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