Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 897, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab91a4
Keywords
Astrophysical black holes; Galactic center; Astronomy data analysis; Very long baseline interferometry; Submillimeter astronomy
Categories
Funding
- Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- ministere de l'Economie, de la science et de l'innovation du Quebec (MESI)
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Nature et technologies (FRQ-NT)
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
- Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development, Job Creation and Trade
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- ERC synergy grant BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes [610058]
- Academy of Finland [274477, 284495, 312496]
- European Commission Framework Programme Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation action [731016]
- John Templeton Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- China Scholarship Council
- Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT, Chile) [PIA ACT172033, Fondecyt 1171506, BASAL AFB-170002, ALMA-conicyt 31140007]
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT, Mexico) [104497, 275201, 279006, 281692]
- Delaney Family via the Delaney Family John A. Wheeler Chair at Perimeter Institute
- Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (DGAPA-UNAM) [IN112417]
- European Research Council Synergy Grant BlackHoleCam: Imaging the Event Horizon of Black Holes [610058]
- Generalitat Valenciana postdoctoral grant [APOSTD/2018/177]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation [GBMF-3561, GBMF-5278]
- Jansky Fellowship program of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)
- Japanese Government (Monbukagakusho: MEXT) Scholarship
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [JP17J08829]
- Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) [QYZDJ-SSW-SLH057, QYZDJ-SSW-SYS008]
- Leverhulme Trust Early Career Research Fellowship
- MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI [18KK0090, JP18K13594, JP18K03656, JP18H03721, 18K03709, 18H01245, 25120007]
- MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) Funds
- Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan [105-2112-M-001-025-MY3, 106-2112-M-001-011, 106-2119-M-001-027, 107-2119-M-001-017, 107-2119-M-001-020, 107-2119-M-110-005]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, Fermi Guest Investigator grant) [80NSSC17K0649]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0400704, 2016YFA0400702]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-0096454, AST-0352953, AST-0521233, AST-0705062, AST-0905844, AST-0922984, AST-1126433, AST-1140030, DGE-1144085, AST-1207704, AST-1207730]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2015H1A2A1033752, 2015-R1D1A1A01056807, NRF-2015H1D3A1066561]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) VICI award [639.043.513]
- Spinoza Prize [SPI 78-409]
- New Scientific Frontiers with Precision Radio Interferometry Fellowship - South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO)
- Swedish Research Council [2017-00648]
- Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development
- Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science
- Russian Science Foundation [17-12-01029]
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [PGC2018-098915-B-C21, AYA2016-80889-P]
- State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa award [SEV-2017-0709]
- Toray Science Foundation
- US Department of Energy (USDOE) through the Los Alamos National Laboratory [89233218CNA000001]
- Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione Universita e Ricerca through the grant Progetti Premiali 2012-iALMA [CUP C52I13000140001]
- European Union [730562 RadioNet]
- ALMA North America Development Fund
- Academia Sinica
- Chandra [TM6-17006X]
- NSF [ACI-1548562, DBI-0735191, DBI-1265383, DBI-1743442]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [11573051, 11633006, 11650110427, 10625314, 11721303, 11725312]
- [AST-1207752]
- [MRI-1228509]
- [OPP-1248097]
- [AST-1310896]
- [AST-1337663]
- [AST-1440254]
- [AST-1555365]
- [AST-1715061]
- [AST-1615796]
- [AST-1716327]
- [OISE-1743747]
- [AST-1816420]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2015H1D3A1066561, 2015H1A2A1033752] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [18KK0090, 18K03709] Funding Source: KAKEN
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides the unprecedented ability to directly resolve the structure and dynamics of black hole emission regions on scales smaller than their horizons. This has the potential to critically probe the mechanisms by which black holes accrete and launch outflows, and the structure of supermassive black hole spacetimes. However, accessing this information is a formidable analysis challenge for two reasons. First, the EHT natively produces a variety of data types that encode information about the image structure in nontrivial ways; these are subject to a variety of systematic effects associated with very long baseline interferometry and are supplemented by a wide variety of auxiliary data on the primary EHT targets from decades of other observations. Second, models of the emission regions and their interaction with the black hole are complex, highly uncertain, and computationally expensive to construct. As a result, the scientific utilization of EHT observations requires a flexible, extensible, and powerful analysis framework. We present such a framework,Themis, which defines a set of interfaces between models, data, and sampling algorithms that facilitates future development. We describe the design and currently existing components ofThemis, howThemishas been validated thus far, and present additional analyses made possible byThemisthat illustrate its capabilities. Importantly, we demonstrate thatThemisis able to reproduce prior EHT analyses, extend these, and do so in a computationally efficient manner that can efficiently exploit modern high-performance computing facilities.Themishas already been used extensively in the scientific analysis and interpretation of the first EHT observations of M87.
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