Detecting Local Clusters of Under-5 Malnutrition in the Province of Marinduque, Philippines Using Spatial Scan Statistic

Underweight and overweight among under-5 children continue to persist in the island Province of Marinduque, Philippines. Local spatial cluster detection provides a spatial perspective in understanding this phenomenon, specifically in which areas the double burden of malnutrition occurs. Using data from a province-wide census conducted in 2014-2016, we aimed to identify spatial clusters of different forms of malnutrition in the province and determine its relative risk. Weight-for-age z score was used to categorize the malnourished children into severely underweight, moderately underweight, and overweight. We used the multinomial model of Kulldorff's elliptical spatial scan statistic, adjusting for age and socioeconomic status. Four significant clusters across municipalities of Boac, Buenavista, Gasan, and Torrijos were found to have high risk of overweight and underweight simultaneously, indicating existence of double burden of malnutrition within these communities. These clusters should be targeted with tailored plans to respond to malnutrition, at the same time maximizing the resources and benefits.