4.5 Article

DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in hematologic differentiation and transformation

Journal

CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 37, Issue -, Pages 91-101

Publisher

CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.10.009

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Funding

  1. Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology [1.150084]
  2. NIH R01 Grants [AI44432, CA151535]
  3. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Translational Research Program [6464-15]
  4. Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea [IBS-R023-D1-2015-A00] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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Maintenance of the balance of DNA methylation and demethylation is fundamental for normal cellular development and function. Members of the Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) family proteins are Fe(II)-dependent and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that catalyze sequential oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and subsequent oxidized derivatives in DNA. In addition to their roles as intermediates in DNA demethylation, these oxidized methylcytosines are novel epigenetic modifications of DNA. DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles are markedly disrupted in a wide range of cancers but how these changes are related to the pathogenesis of cancers is still ambiguous. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of TET protein functions in normal and malignant hematopoietic development and the ongoing questions to be resolved.

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