Development of Cross linked Chitosan/Alginate Polyelectrolyte Proton Exchanger Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

In this study, chitosan (CS) was chemically crosslinked with an activated-low molecular weight alginate biopolymer (Alg) with different molar ratios. The activation process of alginate was achieved using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a covalent crosslinker to obtain CS/Alg-GA crosslinked membrane as a potential polyelectrolyte for fuel cell applications. Various instrumental characterizations such as FTIR, TGA, SEM, and tensile machine were applied to verify the changes in the chemical structure, thermal stability, the morphological structure and mechanical properties respectively. Furthermore, both thermal stability and mechanical properties were also investigated. The results were obtained and compared with that obtained using ionic crosslinked CS/Alg membranes. Maximum ion exchange capacity (IEC) was established (5.96meq/g) using CS/Alg-GA with molar ratio (4/1), while, only 3.47meq/g was obtained in case of ionic crosslinked CS/Alg with the same molar ratio. The interaction with water and methanol were investigated via methanol and water uptake studies. Results showed that the covalent crosslinked CS/Alg-GA membranes have a low permeability for methanol ranged from 2.179x10(-9) to 2.5x10(-10) cm(2)/s compared to that of Nafion membranes (1.14x10(-9) cm(2)/s). Above all, simplicity of the used preparation method and the cost reduction potentials of covalent crosslinked CS/Alg-GA membranes promote their use for DMFC applications as proton exchanger membranes.