Sensitivity of EDM experiments in paramagnetic atoms and molecules to hadronic CP violation

Experiments searching for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron d(e) utilize atomic/molecular states with one or more uncompensated electron spins, and these paramagnetic systems have recently achieved remarkable sensitivity to d(e). If the source of CP violation resides entirely in the hadronic sector, the two-photon exchange processes between electrons and the nucleus induce CP-odd semileptonic interactions, parametrized by the Wilson coefficient C-SP, and provide the dominant source of EDMs in paramagnetic systems instead of d(e). We evaluate the C-SP coefficients induced by the leading hadronic sources of CP violation, namely, nucleon EDMs and CP-odd pion-nucleon couplings, by calculating the nucleon-number-enhanced CP-odd nuclear scalar polarizability, employing chiral perturbation theory at the nucleon level and the Fermi-gas model for the nucleus. This allows us to translate the ACME EDM limits from paramagnetic ThO into novel-independent constraints on the QCD theta term vertical bar(theta) over bar vertical bar < 3 x 10(-8), proton EDM vertical bar d(p)vertical bar < 2 x 10(-23) e cm, isoscalar CP-odd pion-nucleon coupling vertical bar(g) over bar ((1))(pi NN)vertical bar < 4 x 10(-10), and color EDMs of quarks vertical bar<(d)over tilde>(u) - (d) over tilde (d)vertical bar < 2 x 10(-24) cm. We note that further experimental progress with EDM experiments in paramagnetic systems may allow them to rival the sensitivity of EDM experiments with neutrons and diamagnetic atoms to these quantities.