Journal
LAB ON A CHIP
Volume 20, Issue 16, Pages 3011-3023Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00427h
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Funding
- Fondazione Telethon [GGP13114]
- National Research Council of Italy (CNR) [DSB.AD008.370.003\TERABIO-IBCN]
- University of Padova [SID\BIRD187130]
- Italian Ministry of Research and University [PRIN 2017FTJ5ZE]
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Prior work supports the hypothesis that ATP release through connexin hemichannels drives spontaneous Ca(2+)signaling in non-sensory cells of the greater epithelial ridge (GER) in the developing cochlea; however, direct proof is lacking. To address this issue, we plated cochlear organotypic cultures (COCs) and whole cell-based biosensors with nM ATP sensitivity (ATP-WCBs) at the bottom and top of anad hocdesigned transparent microfluidic chamber, respectively. By performing dual multiphoton Ca(2+)imaging, we monitored the propagation of intercellular Ca(2+)waves in the GER of COCs and ATP-dependent Ca(2+)responses in overlying ATP-WCBs. Ca(2+)signals in both COCs and ATP-WCBs were inhibited by supplementing the extracellular medium with ATP diphosphohydrolase (apyrase). Spontaneous Ca(2+)signals were strongly depressed in the presence ofGjb6(-/-)COCs, in which connexin 30 (Cx30) is absent and connexin 26 (Cx26) is strongly downregulated. In contrast, spontaneous Ca(2+)signals were not affected by replacement ofPanx1(-/-)withPanx1(+/+)COCs in the microfluidic chamber. Similar results were obtained by estimating ATP release from COCs using a classical luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence assay. Therefore, connexin hemichannels and not pannexin 1 channels mediate the release of ATP that is responsible for Ca(2+)wave propagation in the developing mouse cochlea. The technological advances presented here have the potential to shed light on a plethora of unrelated open issues that involve paracrine signaling in physiology and pathology and cannot be addressed with standard methods.
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