Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 84, Issue -, Pages 40-45Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.12.015
Keywords
Ketone bodies; Medium-chain fatty acids; Short-chain fatty acids; Polyunsaturated fatty acids
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Brain fatty acid (FA) metabolism deserves a close attention not only for its energetic aspects but also because FAs and their metabolites/derivatives are able to influence many neural functions, contributing to brain pathologies or representing potential targets for pharmacological and/or nutritional interventions. Glucose is the preferred energy substrate for the brain, whereas the role of FAs is more marginal. In conditions of decreased glucose supply, ketone bodies, mainly formed by FA oxidation, are the alternative main energy source. Ketogenic diets or medium-chain fatty acid supplementations were shown to produce therapeutic effects in several brain pathologies. Moreover, the positive effects exerted on brain functions by short-chain FAs and the consideration that they can be produced by intestinal flora metabolism contributed to the better understanding of the link between gut-health and brain-health. Finally, attention was paid also to the regulatory role of essential polyunsaturated FAs and their derivatives on brain homeostasis. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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