Bifurcation of Reaction Cross-Diffusion Systems

This paper is devoted to a reaction cross-diffusion system under Neumann boundary conditions. Firstly, the existence and multiplicity of spatially nonhomogeneous/homogeneous steady-state solutions are investigated by means of Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction. Next, the linear stability and Hopf bifurcations of homogeneous steady-state solutions are described in detail. In particular, the Hopf bifurcation direction and the stability of bifurcating time-periodic solutions are determined by using center manifold reduction and normal form theory. Finally, some of the main results are illustrated by an application to a predator-prey model with Allee effect and one-dimensional spatial domain Omega = (0, l pi).