Long-Term Health Consequences of Endometriosis-Pathways and Mediation by Treatment

Purpose of Review The purpose of this review is to discuss the most up to date research on endometriosis and chronic disease risk, highlighting the role treatments for endometriosis may play in these associations. Recent Findings Previous studies have shown a consistent association between endometriosis and risk for epithelial ovarian cancer but the association with other cancers is less clear. Current research indicates that endometriosis may in be associated with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus, and potentially other autoimmune diseases. Limited evidence is also present for the association between endometriosis and cardiovascular disease and related conditions (e.g., hypertension, hypercholesterolemia). A potential explanation for a portion of the increased risk of chronic diseases among women with endometriosis may relate to treatments for endometriosis impacting these outcomes. Given the prevalence of endometriosis, understanding the relation between endometriosis and other chronic diseases has the potential to impact the health of many women. However, few high-quality studies with limited biases and adequate follow-up currently exist. Future multi-disciplinary research in prospective cohorts, with ample follow-up time, and detailed information on endometriosis characteristics and treatment is critical to advancing our understanding of this disease and its consequences.