Journal
CURRENT HYPERTENSION REPORTS
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0512-2
Keywords
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Angiotensin-(1-7); Mas; Angiotensin type 1 receptor; Angiotensin type 2 receptor; Renin-angiotensin system; Stroke; Neuroprotection; Neuron; Microglia; Ischemia; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Inflammation
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Funding
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [HL076803, 2T32HL083810-06A1]
- American Heart Association Greater Southeast Affiliate [12PRE11940010]
- McKnight Brain Institute
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The discovery of beneficial neuroprotective effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2-angiotensin-(1-7)Mas axis [ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas] in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke has spurred interest in a more complete characterization of its mechanisms of action. Here, we summarize findings that describe the protective role of the ACE2Ang-(1-7)-Mas axis in stroke, along with a focused discussion on the potential mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of Ang-(1-7) in stroke. The latter incorporates evidence describing the actions of Ang-(1-7) to counter the deleterious effects of angiotensin II (AngII) via its type 1 receptor, including antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, vasodilatory, and angiogenic effects, and the role of altered kinase-phosphatase signaling. Interactions of Mas with other receptors, including bradykinin receptors and AngII type 2 receptors are also considered. A more complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of Ang-(1-7) to elicit neuroprotection will serve as an essential step toward research into potential targeted therapeutics in the clinical setting.
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