Journal
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
Volume 67, Issue -, Pages 61-72Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.10.001
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Funding
- Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency [2015B009R]
- China Scholarship Council
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Valorization of lactose is achieved by enzymatic conversion to lactose derivatives with nutraceutical properties. This review summarizes recent developments on composition and functional properties of lactose-derived oligosaccharides. Lactose conversion by beta-galactosidase yields galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS); hetero-oligosaccharides with structural and/or functional similarity to human milk oligosaccharides are synthesized by transglycosylation with beta-galactosidase, sialidase, glucansucrase, fructansucrase or alpha-fucosidase using lactose as donor or acceptor sugar. Application development for GOS was based on their prebiotic properties; intestinal fermentation of GOS to short-chain fatty acids confers health benefits. Several novel oligosaccharides exhibit additional potent biological activities that are based on direct interaction of oligosaccharides with glycan-binding domains of bacterial adhesins and toxins, and are highly specific to the oligosaccharide structure. Particularly the use of lactose-derived oligosaccharides to prevent binding of bacterial toxins or adhesins is supported by in vivo studies. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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