Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-WATER RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 6, Issue 9, Pages 2405-2415Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0ew00261e
Keywords
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Funding
- Imperial College London
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [PGSD3-516562-2018]
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Emerging electrochemical systems, such as advanced electro-oxidation, provide a potentially powerful alternative to conventional oxidation processes which can often be unsuitable for small, remote and decentralised system applications. The one electro-oxidation process, which may be well suited for these applications, is the use of high oxygen overpotential boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes, as a pre-oxidation step for the removal of various raw water contaminants. While BDD electro-oxidation has been studied extensively for the abatement of organic micropollutants, its application as a pre-oxidation technology for the removal of soluble manganese (Mn2+) in source waters for drinking water supply, has not been reported to-date. In this study, we summarise the results of tests using a bench-scale electro-oxidation system and synthetic Mn(2+)solutions in order to consider the simultaneous removal of manganese and the generation of permanganate. The results showed that total manganese was reduced by 9.1, 38.7 and 57.4% at current densities of 10, 40 and 80 mA cm(-2), respectively, with an initial Mn(2+)concentration of 39 mu M. Increased Mn removal at higher current density was attributed to increased generation of, and reaction with, hydroxyl radicals, indicated by a direct proportional relationship between pseudo-first order reaction rate constants for methanol (OH radical scavenger) and current density. A mathematical model was developed to describe Mn removal under mass transport limitations, and was found to correlate well with experimental data. Finally, a completely novel synthesis pathway for the generation of permanganate species (Mn7+) is presented, whereby concentrations up to 0.9 mu M were synthesised from Mn(2+)in circumneutral conditions.
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