Journal
CURRENT GENOMICS
Volume 16, Issue 5, Pages 319-326Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150707155851
Keywords
Cancer; microRNA; piRNA; Long non-coding RNA; Therapeutic target; Epigenetics; RNA interference; Nucleic acid drug
Funding
- Research Grants Council-General Research Fund of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [CUHK462211, CUHK462713, 14102714]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81101888, 8142730]
- Shenzhen Basic Research Program [JC201105201092A]
- CUHK
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Non-coding RNA refers to a large group of endogenous RNA molecules that have no protein coding capacity, while having specialized cellular and molecular functions. They possess wide range of functions such as the regulation of gene transcription and translation, post-transcriptional modification, epigenetic landscape establishment, protein scaffolding and cofactors recruitments. They are further divided into small non-coding RNAs with size < 200nt (e.g. miRNA, piRNA) and long non-coding RNAs with size >= 200nt (e.g. lincRNA, NAT). Increasing evidences suggest that both non-coding RNAs groups play important roles in cancer development, progression and pathology. Clinically, non-coding RNAs aberrations show high diagnostic and prognostic values. With improved understanding of the nature and roles of non-coding RNAs, it is believed that we can develop therapeutic treatment against cancer via the modulation of these RNA molecules. Advances in nucleic acid drug technology and computational simulation prompt the development of agents to intervene the malignant effects of non-coding RNAs. In this review, we will discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in cancer, and evaluate the potential of non-coding RNA-based cancer therapies.
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