Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 12, Issue 33, Pages 17362-17372Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03330h
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [200021_184635, 310030_159847/1]
- University of Fribourg
- Adolphe Merkle Foundation
- National Center of Competence in Research Bio-Inspired Materials
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Evaluating nanomaterial uptake and association by cells is relevant forin vitrostudies related to safe-by-design approaches, nanomedicine or applications in photothermal therapy. However, standard analytical techniques are time-consuming, involve complex sample preparation or include labelling of the investigated sample system withe.g.fluorescent dyes. Here, we explore lock-in thermography to analyse and compare the association trends of epithelial cells, mesothelial cells, and macrophages exposed to gold nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes over 24 h. The presence of nanomaterials in the cells was confirmed by dark field and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained by lock-in thermography for gold nanoparticles were validated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; with data collected showing a good agreement between both techniques. Furthermore, we demonstrate the detection and quantification of carbon nanotube-cell association in a straightforward, non-destructive, and non-intrusive manner without the need to label the carbon nanotubes. Our results display the first approach in utilizing thermography to assess the carbon nanotube amount in cellular environments.
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