Bottleneck Effect of N,N-Dimethylformamide in InOF-1: Increasing CO2 Capture in Porous Coordination Polymers

The bottleneck effect of confined N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules was observed in InOF-1 for the first time: CO2 capture was remarkably enhanced in samples of as-synthesized InOF-1, thermally activated in such a way that a small residual amount of DMF molecules remained confined within the pores (DMF@InOF-1). Dynamic CO2 adsorption experiments on DMF@InOF-1 exhibited a CO2 capture of 8.06 wt % [1.5-fold higher than that of a fully activated InOF-1 (5.24%)]. DMF@InOF-1 can reversibly adsorb/desorb 8.09% CO2 with no loss of CO2 capacity after 10 cycles, and the desorption is accomplished by only turning the CO2 flow off. Static CO2 adsorption experiments (at 196 K) demonstrated a 1.4-fold CO2 capture increase (from 5.5 mmolg(-1), fully activated InOF-1, to 7.5 mmolg(-1), DMF@InOF-1). Therefore, these CO2 capture properties are the result of the presence of residual-confined DMF molecules within the InOF-1 framework and their interactions via a very strong hydrogen bond with the In2(mu-OH) groups, which prevent DMF leaching. The stability of this hydrogen bond is given by a perfect fit of the DMF molecule in the dent around the OH group that allows a nearly ideal orientation of the DMF molecule towards the OH group.