Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 259, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127492
Keywords
Water monitoring; Chemical sensors; Nitrate; Nitrite; Ammonium; Phosphate
Categories
Funding
- Australian Research Council Centre Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (DECRA) [DE180100688]
- Australian Academy of Science, on behalf of the Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Resources
- Australian Government under the National Innovation and Science Agenda
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Aquatic chemical sensors have experienced rapid development in recent years largely due to advances in the fields of nanotechnology. Accurate in situ monitoring of nutrients is fundamental to understanding the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems and is necessary for the sustainable utilization of water resources. Although many sensor technologies can achieve nM detection levels, quality assurance and reliability for long-term sensing in complex environments is still lacking. Furthermore, some sensors suffer from sensitivity to high background ion concentration. This review aims to address these challenges by highlighting recent improvements in aquatic chemical sensors to monitor nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), ammonium (NH4+), and phosphate (PO43-) ion concentrations in water. The review critically analyses and compares the performance of these chemical sensors with a particular emphasis on their capability for long-term in situ water monitoring. We also provide an overview on some crucial problems significantly affecting the analytical performance of the sensors. Finally, this review details some recommendations and future directions for improving sensing accuracy and robustness. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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