Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 259, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127444
Keywords
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Biological nitrogen removal; Comammox; Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria; Nitrospira; Post-anoxic
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Funding
- Royal Society (United Kingdom)
- Academy of Sciences Malaysia (Malaysia)
- Malaysian Industry Government Group for High Technology (Malaysia) under Newton Advanced Fellowship [NA150341/BH152910/IF008-2016]
- Ministry of Education (Malaysia) Fundamental Research Grant Scheme [FP047-2017A]
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In this study, we assessed and optimized a low-dissolved-oxygen oxic-anoxic (low-DO OA) process to achieve a low-cost and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment systems in the developing tropical countries treating low chemical oxygen demand-to-nitrogen ratio (COD/N) wastewater. The low-DO OA process attained complete ammonia removal and the effluent nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) was below 0.3 mg/L. The recommended hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time (SRT) were 16 h and 20 days, respectively. The 16S rRNA sequencing data revealed that long SRT (20 days) encouraged the growth of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) affiliated with Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii. Comammox made up 10-20% of the Nitrospira community. NOB and comammox related to Nitrospira were enriched at long SRT (20 days) to achieve good low-DO nitrification performance. The low-DO OA process was efficient and has simpler design than conventional processes, which are keys for sustainable wastewater treatment systems in the developing countries treating low COD/N wastewater. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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