Journal
NANOSCALE
Volume 12, Issue 34, Pages 17786-17794Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03359f
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Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan [MOST 109-2221-E-033-023, 108-2622-E-033-014-CC1, 107-2221-E-033-021-MY2, 105-2622-E-033-008-CC3]
- Ten-Chen General Hospital
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Ultrafine fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have emerged as biocompatible nanoprobes for biomedical imagingin vivo, and the precision surface chemistry of AuNCs is the key for attaining their clinical application. Comparison of two promising candidates for future nanomedicine,i.e.dihydrolipoic acid-versusglutathione-capped AuNCs (AuNC@DHLAvs.AuNC@GSH), was conducted for the first time to clarify their polyethylene glycol-related bioconjugate chemistry (PEGylation) and protein interactions. Gel electrophoresis was performed to separate the number of AuNCs PEGylation, and the molecular weight of the PEG spacer dominated the resolution of the separation in the gel. We have engineered and isolated the mono-PEGylated AuNCs either from the indirect carbodiimide bioconjugate chemistry or the direct Au-S binding. One-pot synthesis showed great efficiency for isolating mono-PEGylated AuNC@GSH from the tailored controlled aggregation of Au(i)-thiolate complexes onin situgenerated Au(0) cores. Post-PEGylation of AuNC@GSH was also feasible using monodendate thiol-terminated PEG, but bidendate ligands of AuNC@DHLA exhibited low PEGylated efficiency by Au-S binding. In addition, mono-PEGylated AuNC@GSH significantly enhanced the ability of anti-nonspecific protein adsorption, but mono-PEGylated AuNC@DHLA cannot avoid the nonspecific binding with serum albumin. In addition, specific nano-assembly involving mono-biotinylated AuNCs with streptavidin were also compared using gel electrophoresis. These results provide key insights into the selection, preparation and design of functional AuNCs as nanoprobes for versatile biomedical applications.
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