Metal-Organic Powder Thermochemical Solid-Vapor Architectonics toward Gradient Hybrid Monolith with Combined Structure-Function Features

Direct manufacturing from powder to final component is of great significance for industry. However, it remains a challenge to develop a one- pot powder-to-product'' strategy to produce gradient hybrid components with combined structural and functional advantages. In this work, we report metal-organic powder thermochemical solid-vapor architectonics to direct zeolitic imidazolate framework powder into gradient cobalt/carbon monolith by utilizing in situ generated reactive vapor (non-uniform distribution) and Co nanoparticles (uniformly distributed) to achieve a combination of chemical vapor deposition/growth and solid-state welding. The gradient hybrid monolith possesses good mechanical stability, allowing it to be directly used as a freestanding working electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction in a seawater battery. This catalyst shows a low overpotential of 84 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2). Furthermore, a stable power generation of over 168 h in seawater has also been realized.