Journal
IEEE ACCESS
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages 156695-156706Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019735
Keywords
Fake news detection; text mining; deep learning; PCA; Chi-square; CNN-LSTM; word embedding
Categories
Funding
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education [NRF-2019R1A2C1006159]
- MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea, under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program [IITP-2020-2016-0-00313]
- Fareed Computing Research Center, Department of Computer Science, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
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Society and individuals are negatively influenced both politically and socially by the widespread increase of fake news either way generated by humans or machines. In the era of social networks, the quick rotation of news makes it challenging to evaluate its reliability promptly. Therefore, automated fake news detection tools have become a crucial requirement. To address the aforementioned issue, a hybrid Neural Network architecture, that combines the capabilities of CNN and LSTM, is used with two different dimensionality reduction approaches, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Chi-Square. This work proposed to employ the dimensionality reduction techniques to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors before passing them to the classifier. To develop the reasoning, this work acquired a dataset from the Fake News Challenges (FNC) website which has four types of stances: agree, disagree, discuss, and unrelated. The nonlinear features are fed to PCA and chi-square which provides more contextual features for fake news detection. The motivation of this research is to determine the relative stance of a news article towards its headline. The proposed model improves results by similar to 4% and similar to 20% in terms of Accuracy and F1 - score. The experimental results show that PCA outperforms than Chi-square and state-of-the-art methods with 97.8% accuracy.
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