Dietary Patterns in women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Results from The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

Background: The aim of the study was to examine dietary patterns and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among mothers with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Method: MoBa enrolled participants from all over Norway between 1999 and 2008, and the study comprised 83,988 mothers, of whom there were 183 mothers with Crohn's disease (CD) and 240 with ulcerative colitis (UC). An additional questionnaire was submitted to mothers with IBD in 2013. We extracted three exploratory dietary patterns: a Prudent, a Western, and a Traditional pattern. We explored the relationship between dietary patterns and IBD and dietary patterns and adverse pregnancy outcomes: small for gestational age (SGA) and preterm delivery (PTD). Results: IBD mothers had a significantly lower adherence to the Traditional dietary pattern [mean score -0.10 (95% CI: -0.2 - -0.01)] than non-IBD mothers. In IBD mothers, middle and high adherence to the Traditional dietary pattern was associated with lower risk of SGA [OR tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: 0.44 (95% CI: 0.20 - 0.97) and OR tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.23 (95% CI: 0.08-0.61)] than in IBD and non-IBD mothers with low adherence. In the IBD-subset analyses, similar results were demonstrated for UC mothers [OR tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: 0.21 (95% CI: 0.05 - 0.80) and OR tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: 0.16 (95% CI: 0.04 - 0.60)]. Conclusion: In IBD mothers, higher adherence to a Traditional dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of lean fish, fish products, potatoes, rice porridge, cooked vegetables, and gravy, was associated with lower risk of SGA.