Journal
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
Volume 49, Issue 18, Pages 6524-6528Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00579g
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- U.S. National Cancer Institute [R01 CA090689]
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Contrary to frequent reports in the literature, hydroxyl radical is not a key species participating in endogenous oxidative DNA damage. Instead, carbonate radical anion is formed from the Fenton reaction under cellular conditions and from decomposition of nitrosoperoxycarbonate generated during inflammation. Carbonate radical anion is a potent one-electron oxidant capable of generating base radical cations that can migrate over long distances in duplex DNA, ultimately generating 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine at a redox-sensitive sequence such as GGG. Such a mechanism enables G-quadruplex-forming sequences to act as long-range sensors of oxidative stress, impacting gene expressionviathe DNA repair mechanism that reads and ultimately erases the oxidized base. With a writing, reading and erasing mechanism in place, oxidative 'damage' to DNA might be relabeled as 'epigenetic' modifications.
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