Limiting superluminal neutrino velocity and Lorentz invariance violation by neutrino emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056

The detection of high-energy neutrino coincident with the blazar TXS 0506 + 056 provides a unique opportunity to test Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) in the neutrino sector. Thanks to the precisely measured redshift, i.e., z = 0.3365, the comoving distance of the neutrino source is determined. In this work, we obtain and discuss the constraints on the superluminal neutrino velocity delta(nu) and the LIV by considering the energy loss of superluminal neutrino during propagation. Given superluminal electron velocity (delta(e) >= 0), a very stringent constraint on superluminal neutrino velocity can be reached, i.e., delta(nu) less than or similar to 1.3 x 10(-18), corresponding to the quantum gravity (QG) scale M-QG,M- 1 greater than or similar to 5.7 x 10(3) M-Pl and M-QG,M- 2 greater than or similar to 9.3 x 10(-6) M-Pl for linear (quadratic) LIV, which are similar to 12 orders of magnitude tighter for linear LIV and similar to 9 orders tighter for quadratic LIV compared to the time-of-flight constraint from MeV neutrinos of SN 1987A. While given the subluminal electron velocity, a weaker constraint on the superluminal neutrino velocity is obtained, i.e., delta(nu) less than or similar to 8 x 10(-17), which is consistent with the conclusions of previous works. We also study the neutrino detection probability due to the distortion of neutrino spectral shape during propagation, which gives slightly weaker constraints than above by a factor of similar to 2.