Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 743, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140799
Keywords
Ammonia volatilization; Azolla; Urease inhibitor; Apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency; Rice yield
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFD0300908-02]
- key laboratory for crop and animal integrated farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China [KF201805]
- Jiangsu Postdoctoral Research Foundation funding scheme [2019K268]
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Paddy Azolla is considered as a promising technical approach to reduce ammonia (NH3) volatilization and increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, it is not effective in highly fertilized paddy fields as the high ammonium N (NH4+-N) concentrations adversely inhibit the growth and N uptake of Azolla. Urease inhibitors could effectively decrease NH4+-N concentrations in surface water and NH3 volatilization. However, a lack of information still exists regarding the combined effects of Azolla and urease inhibitors on NH3 volatilization, NUE, and grain yield (GY) of rice. A two-year field experiment was conducted including five treatments (no urea application (control), urea (N), urea + Azolla (NA), urea + urease inhibitor (NUI), and urea + Azolla + urease inhibitor (NAUI)). Results showed that NA treatment (-25.2%) was not effective in reducing NH3 volatilization compared with NUI treatment (-43.3%). The NAUI treatment substantially reduced NH3 volatilization (-54.6%) more than that by NA and NUI treatments, primarily because of the lower NH4+-N concentrations, pH, and temperature in surface water. Furthermore, NAUI treatments significantly increased the grain yield (GY) and the apparent N recovery efficiency (ANRE) of rice by 9.0-9.7% and 66.0-71.3%, respectively. The significant increase in GY was mainly from the increased panicle number (4.0%), spikelet number per panicle (15.9%), and total biomass (22.9%), which caused by the enhanced total N uptake (35.8%). NAUI treatment also decreased the yield-scaled NH3 volatilization by 61.1-63.6%. Overall, the co-application of Azolla and urease inhibitor in the rice field substantially decreased NH3 volatilization, and increased NUE and rice yield. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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