Hydrothermal carbonization of centrifuged sewage sludge: Determination of resource recovery from liquid fraction and thermal behaviour of hydrochar

Safe disposal of the sludge generated from sewage treatment plant is a major challenge worldwide. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is considered a potential pretreatment alternative for sewage sludge to facilitate the improved resource recovery. In the present study, the mixed centrifuged sewage sludge (CSS) was subjected to the HTC pretreatment to determine characteristics of the solid hydrochar (HC) and liquid fraction (LF) with a purpose of energy recovery and extraction of value-added compounds, respectively. HTC was performed in a high pressure batch reactor at 200 degrees C temperature for 1-8 h duration. The HC produced after HTC resembled with the low quality peat coal whereas the LF contained value-added chemicals such as humic acid (HA) and phosphate phosphorous (PO43-P). Using ammonium sulphate as 'salting out' agent, similar to 70% of the total HA (similar to 15-16 g/L) could be recovered from the LF. Using the recovered HA, an improvement in the root and shoot lengths of the seeds could be observed. In the subsequent step, the total PO43 -P recovery of similar to 80% was obtained as struvite from the residual wastewater. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.