'Opening up' the governance of water-energy-food nexus: Towards a science-policy-society interface based on hybridity and humility

The governance of the nexus between water, energy, and food (hereafter, 'the nexus') is permeated by complex interactions of knowledge at a science-policy-society interface. This paper starts from a literature review to find the main narratives that allow us to understand what is at stake in this interface. By thematically synthesising 19 select articles, we reached three layers of knowledge interaction: 'knowledge application', 'knowledge integration', and 'knowledge transformation'. To avoid misleading simplifications, we discussed the constraints on this debate and some pressures for what we consider as 'closing down' knowledge about the nexus. We then developed a conceptual framework based on the 'technologies of humility' proposed by Jasanoff (2003, 2007) to create opportunities to 'open up' the nexus approach. Finally, we illustrated the four pillars proposed by some studies to describe what we have termed 'nexus of humility': framing, vulnerability, distribution, and learning. These foci seek to enable a humbler appreciation on all sides of the persistent sources of uncertainty, divergence, and conditionality in sustainability governance. This framework also contributes towards necessary transformations of knowledge about nexus and its challenging implementation. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.