Interfacial structure design of MXene-basednanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion

2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides known as MXenes possess high electrical conductivity, large redox active surface area, rich surface chemistry, and tunable structures. Benefiting from these exceptional chemical and physical properties, the applications of MXenes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion have attracted increasing research interests around the world. Notably, the electrochemical performances of MXenes are directly dependent on their synthesis conditions, interfacial chemistries and structural configurations. In this review, we summarize the synthesis techniques of MXenes, as well as the recent advances in the interfacial structure design of MXene-based nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications. Additionally, we provide an in-depth discussion on the relationship between interfacial structure and electrochemical performance from the perspectives of energy storage and electrocatalysis mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and insights for the future research of interfacial structure design of MXenes are outlined.