Journal
SCIENCE
Volume 369, Issue 6511, Pages 1597-+Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3588
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Funding
- Office of Naval Research MURI Program [N00014-16-1-2921]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under the Nanomachine Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Center for Energy Efficient Electronics Science NSF [0939514]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1508412, DMR-1926004, DMR-1839098]
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The design and fabrication of robust metallic states in graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are challenging because lateral quantum confinement and many-electron interactions induce electronic band gaps when graphene is patterned at nanometer length scales. Recent developments in bottom-up synthesis have enabled the design and characterization of atomically precise GNRs, but strategies for realizing GNR metallicity have been elusive. Here we demonstrate a general technique for inducing metallicity in GNRs by inserting a symmetric superlattice of zero-energy modes into otherwise semiconducting GNRs. We verify the resulting metallicity using scanning tunneling spectroscopy as well as first-principles density-functional theory and tight-binding calculations. Our results reveal that the metallic bandwidth in GNRs can be tuned over a wide range by controlling the overlap of zero-mode wave functions through intentional sublattice symmetry breaking.
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