Journal
IMMUNOBIOLOGY
Volume 222, Issue 1, Pages 89-100Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.009
Keywords
TLR; Immune cells; Tumor cells; Pro-tumoral effect; Anti-tumoral effect; TLR signaling
Categories
Funding
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale
- Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer
- Fondation de France [00012068]
- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
- Universite Paris-Descartes
- Institut National du Cancer [2011-1-PLBIO-06-INSERM 6-1, PLBIO09-088-IDF-KROEMER]
- CARPEM (CAncer Research for PErsonalized Medicine)
- Labex Immuno-Oncology
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane receptors that recognize various pathogen- and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules playing an important role in inflammation by activating NF-kappa B. TLRs, mainly expressed by innate immune cells, are involved in inducing and regulating adaptive immune responses. However, the expression of TLRs has also been observed in many tumors, and their stimulation results in tumor progression or regression, depending on the TLR and tumor type. Here we review the role of TLRs in conferring anti- or pro-tumoral effects. The anti-tumoral effects can result from direct induction of tumor cell death and/or activation of efficient anti-tumoral immune responses, and the pro-tumoral effects may be due to inducing tumor cell survival and proliferation or by acting on suppressive or inflammatory immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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