A Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with a KOH-Free Anode Feed Generating 180 mW cm-2at 120 °C

The motivations to operate the direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) with no addition of aqueous base, include facilitated fuel management and prevention of corrosion and shunt currents in the DAFC stack. We describe here a polymer electrolyte DAFC, operating at a cell temperature (T-cell) of 120 degrees C on ammonia and water alone as anode feed, that demonstrated peak power of 180 mW cm(-2)-a record for this type of fuel cell. We offer a detailed analysis of polarization curves recorded for PE-DAFCs in the T(cell)range of 60 degrees C-120 degrees C, allowing to estimate the effects of KOH-free operation on the ionic and faradaic resistances,R(i)andR(F), that determine together the value ofR(app,CL-an), the apparent resistance of the anode catalyst layer. The latter resistance drops ten times between 60 degrees C and 120 degrees C as result mainly of the drop inR(F). Consequently, DAFC performance at T-cell> 100 degrees C improves substantially, including the cell performance on a KOH-free anode feed. The demsontrated performance levels reported here for KOH-free DAFCs support further development of this type of ammonia/air fuel cells.