被撤回的出版物: Exosome-Encapsulated MicroRNA-21 from Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Enhances Angiogenesis of Human Umbilical Venous Endothelial Cells by Targeting SPRY1 (Retracted article. See vol. 14, pg. 499, 2022)

Objective: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) persists among the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Angiogenesis represents a crucial element necessitated for tumor growth and metastasis in ESCC. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of microRNA (miR)-21 on angiogenesis in ESCC and its underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: Initially, the expression patterns of miR-21, SPRY1, and VEGF were determined in ESCC tissues and cells. The relationship between miR-21 and SPRY1 was identified using dual-luciferase reporter assay. Exosomes were subsequently isolated from the ESCC cells, followed by co-culture with the human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC proliferation and angiogenesis were determined by means of CCK-8, colony formation, and microtubule formation in vitro. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and mouse xenograft model of ESCC cells were established to substantiate the function of miR-21 corresponding to the angiogenesis and tumor growth of ESCC, followed by microvascular density (MVD) evaluation. Results: Expression patterns of miR-21 and VEGF were elevated, while the SPRY1 expression pattern was repressed in ESCC tissues and cells. The downregulation of miR-21 and exosome-derived miR-21 impeded the proliferation and angiogenesis in HUVECs. Our data revealed that miR-21 could negatively target SPRY1, and positively target VEGF. The downregulation of miR-21 could evidently encumber the angiogenesis and tumor growth of ESCC in vivo, as evidenced by the decrease in number of branches of the microvessels and MVD. Conclusion: Collectively, ESCC cell-derived exosome containing miR-21 promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of HUVECs via SPRY1 downregulation and VEGF upregulation.