Journal
IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages 106-112Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2016.1400374RP
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Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [60872007, 61271224, 61301128, 61461136004]
- NSFC Major International Joint Research Project [61210002]
- National 863 High Technology Program of China [2009AA01Z239]
- Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of China [2012DFG12250]
- Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department [2011BFA004, 2013BHE005]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2011QN020, 2014TS100, 2015XJGH011]
- Special Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) [20130142120044]
- EU FP7-PEOPLE-IRSES [247083, 318992, 610524]
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As there has been an explosive increase in wireless data traffic, mmw communication has become one of the most attractive techniques in the 5G mobile communications systems. Although mmw communication systems have been successfully applied to indoor scenarios, various external factors in an outdoor environment limit the applications of mobile communication systems working at the mmw bands. In this article, we discuss the issues involved in the design of antenna array architecture for future 5G mmw systems, in which the antenna elements can be deployed in the shapes of a cross, circle, or hexagon, in addition to the conventional rectangle. The simulation results indicate that while there always exists a non-trivial gain fluctuation in other regular antenna arrays, the circular antenna array has a flat gain in the main lobe of the radiation pattern with varying angles. This makes the circular antenna array more robust to angle variations that frequently occur due to antenna vibration in an outdoor environment. In addition, in order to guarantee effective coverage of mmw communication systems, possible solutions such as distributed antenna systems and cooperative multi-hop relaying are discussed, together with the design of mmw antenna arrays. Furthermore, other challenges for the implementation of mmw cellular networks, for example, blockage, communication security, hardware development, and so on, are discussed, as are potential solutions.
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