Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 67, Issue 11, Pages 3203-3210Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2020.2979475
Keywords
Graphene; Substrates; Microelectrodes; Optical imaging; In vivo; Reliability; Graphene; accelerated aging; microelectrode arrays; chronic reliability; polyethylene terephthalate (PET); SU-8; neural interface
Categories
Funding
- Office of Naval Research [N000141612531]
- National Science Foundation [ECCS-1542148, ECCS-1752241]
- NIH [R01 NS091010A, R01 EY025349, R01 DC014690, R21 NS109722, P30 EY022589, R21 EY030727, R21 EY029466, R21 EB026180]
- NSF [ECCS-1734940]
- Pew Charitable Trusts
- David & Lucile Packard Foundation
- U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) [N000141612531] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
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Objective: To investigate chronic durability of transparent graphene electrodes fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and SU-8 substrates for chronic in vivo studies. Methods: We perform systematic accelerated aging tests to understand the chronic reliability and failure modes of transparent graphene microelectrode arrays built on PET and SU-8 substrates. We employ graphene microelectrodes fabricated on PET substrate in chronic in vivo experiments with transgenic mice. Results: Our results show that graphene microelectrodes fabricated on PET substrate work reliably after 30 days accelerated aging test performed at 87 degrees C, equivalent to 960 days in vivo lifetime. We demonstrate stable chronic recordings of cortical potentials in multimodal imaging/recording experiments using transparent graphene microelectrodes fabricated on PET substrate. On the other hand, graphene microelectrode arrays built on SU-8 substrate exhibit extensive crack formation across microelectrode sites and wires after one to two weeks, resulting in total failure of recording capability for chronic studies. Conclusion: PET shows superior reliability as a substrate for graphene microelectrode arrays for chronic in vivo experiments. Significance: Graphene is a unique neural interface material enabling cross-talk free integration of electrical and optical recording and stimulation techniques in the same experiment. To date, graphene-based microelectrode arrays have been demonstrated in various multi-modal acute experiments involving electrophysiological sensing or stimulation, optical imaging and optogenetics stimulation. Understanding chronic reliability of graphene-based transparent interfaces is very important to expand the use of this technology for longterm behavioral studies with animal models.
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